makeup day

The Nile and the “Two Lands”
  • Upper Egypt was a 500 mile long strip of fertile land along the Nile
  • Lower Egypt was the wide land of the Nile delta, emptying into the Mediterranean Sea
  • The Nile was the major provider of life for the Egyptians and was much revered in lore and writing
  • around 3100 B.C. the two lands were united under a single king or “pharaoh” (Narmer, AKA Menes)
Government by a God-King

  • Pharaoh was all powerful, worshipped as a god, and intimately connected to the other major Egyptian gods and goddesses
  • Egyptians relied on a harmony and balance of the universe, which they called “maat” (personified by the goddess Maat; ideological opposite of goddess Isfet)
  • Pharaohs had multiple wives, and all routes to financial and social success were through the palace
  • Women could inherit money and land and divorce their husbands, though only a tiny few ever wielded real political power

Gods, Humans, and Everlasting Life
  • Gods were often portrayed with animal heads or bodies
  • Egyptians believed in an afterlife (ka), and they mummified bodies to preserve them for this post-death journey
  • All souls would need to justify themselves at the point of death and be either sent to an after-world paradise, or the jaws of a monster
The Writing of the Words of God
  • Earliest Egyptian writing formed c. 3100 B.C. and were small pictures known as hieroglyphics
  • Egyptian script was usually written in ink on papyrus, which was made from mashed Nile reeds
  • Papyrus, the precursor to paper, was stored in scrolls and these scrolls were the books of ancient Egypt
Calendars and Sailboats
  • Egyptian astronomers created a calendar with 12 months and 365 days to make better sense of the seasonal cycles
  • Due to their excellent knowledge of human anatomy, Egyptian doctors wrote extensively on health issues and created potions and cures for a number of common ailments
  • Wooden sailboats were constructed to increase transportation ability on the Nile
Pyramids and Temples
  • The pyramids were massive stone tombs, originally covered in marble, but the marble was later stripped off during the Muslim conquest
  • The Temple of Amon at Karnak is the largest religious building in the world, also made out of huge blocks of stone
  • Stone sculptures and interior painting depicted humans and gods in a series of regulated poses, often in profile and without perspective, but were highly effective




















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