Greeks Vs. Persians

gods vs. goddesses

  • What is unique about the Greeks’ relationship with their gods is the interaction with humans
  • Poseidon (god of the sea) interfered with Odysseus trying to return home
  • Aphrodite (goddess of love) had lovers of both gods and men
  • Dionysus (god of wine) was son of Zeus (a god) and of Semele (a human princess)
  • and on and on and on...
  • Zeus - ruler of heaven and earth; father of Athena; god of the sky, weather, thunder, lightning, law, order, and justice.  Had a temper and was known to hurl thunderbolts.
  • Athena: Goddess of wisdom, skill,  warfare (and peace), intelligence, battle strategy, and handicrafts. She was born from Zeus' head fully formed and armored. A special patron of heroes - such as Odysseus. She was the patron of Athens (the city was named after her).
  • Apollo - god of music, arts, knowledge, healing, Zeus was his father, Artemis was his twin sister, he’s associated with the sun, his sister with the moon
  • Poseidon - god of the sea, rivers, floods, earthquakes, brother of Zeus, king of the sea and waters
  • Aphrodite - goddess of love, beauty, desire, sexuality, her lovers included Ares (god of war), Adonis (demi-god of desire), and Anchises (a mortal who fathered a baby)
  • Demeter - goddess of grain, harvest, agriculture, Zeus’s sister

Spartans
  •  Greeks were certainly a warlike people - especially the Spartans
  • Spartans were known for their tough, ruthless infantry: soldiers who fought on land
  • Spartan boys trained from the time they were seven 
Athens 
  • Athens had a great infantry, too, but nothing could compare with their navy
  • their most effective weapon was the trireme
  • TRIREME: a technological marvel, fastest ship in the world at the time, rowed by up to 170 men on three levels, could be used as a battering ram, agile, fast
  • Phalanx: close-rank, dense grouping of warriors, armed with long spears and interlocking shields soldiers would advance slowly toward the enemy, until they broke through their ranks
Persia VS. Greece 
  • Greek army: iron weapons meant ordinary citizens could afford to arm themselves, foot soldiers (hoplites) trained from an early age, armed with spears, swords, shields, often fought in phalanx , formation“home field” advantage, motivated to preserve democracy
  • Persian army: first archers (do damage from a distance)
  • then cavalry (they disrupt communication between generals and soldiers), then lightly armored infantry (carried spear, sword, and bow), huge numbers, long way from home, professional army (soldiers for hire, or mercenaries)



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