Cesar

i will be taking the Rome test from 1:25-2:15 pm on Tue Jun 2.

Poor Plebs

  • two things: bread and circuses- bread (free grain from the state) and entertainment (Circus Maximus, Colosseum), partly to keep them alive, and partly to keep them quiet, distracted, and docile
Change in rule 

  • Tiberius Gracchus recognized advantages of befriending plebeians but unsuccessful 
  • military generals recognized too- lead an army that conquers a land, then give them a share in the spoils- soldiers’ loyalty was to their military leader, not necessarily to Rome or the Republic
Julius Cesar was a general who befriended plebs well 
  • 100 - 44 BCE
  • successful general
  • conquered territory of Gaul
  • made common folks happy
  • made friends in high places
    • Pompey -a general who conquered Syria and Palestine
    • Crassus - richest man in Rome, one of the richest men in history
  • these three men formed the First Triumvirate -rule of three men
  • crossing the Rubicon- pt. of no return 
  • Cesar takes power
    • Serves as consul (one year)
    • Appoints himself governor of Gaul
    • Pompey  jealous, becomes rival
    • Caesar’s armies clash with Pompey’s in Greece, Asia, Spain, and Egypt -Caesar - wins
    • In 44BC named dictator, six months, then for life
  • Caesars reforms 
    • Granted citizenship to people in provinces
    • Expanded the Senate, adding friends
    • Created jobs for poor, especially through public works projects
    • Increased pay for soldiers
    • Started colonies where those without land could own property
  • ASSASSINATION
    • senators saw Caesar’s rise in power as a threat to their political viability
    •  lured him into the Senate, stabbing him 23 times
    • Even Brutus, Caesar’s ally was involved
    • Senators were not punished
    • Octavian was named Julius Caesar’s sole heir
    •  the end of the republic
      •  















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